인구감소 시대의 직업능력정책 연구: 고령화·인구구조 변화에 대응하는 직업훈련재정

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 인구구조 변화에 따른 지속가능발전(SDG)의 맥락에서 기존 문헌 연구와 ‘인구 고령화가 향후 사회･경제에 미치는 영향에 대한 다차원적 분석’을 토대로 적극적 노동시장 정책으로서 직업훈련의 증가하는 중요성에 대해 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 미래 직업훈련 재정정책의 구조 전환 및 제도 개선에 기여하는 것이다.

The aging population is inducing profound transformations in the labor market and the broader economic structure, highlighting the increasing importance of vocational training policies and fiscal management to effectively address these shifts. As the decline in the working-age population and the deterioration of skills due to aging are critical factors undermining national competitiveness, there is an urgent need for a systematic vocational training policy framework to facilitate the labor market participation of middle-aged and older workers and enhance their adaptability to an evolving industrial landscape. This study aims to derive policy implications from domestic and international case studies and empirical analyses to improve vocational training policies and fiscal management systems in response to population aging. Specifically, it examines the impact of vocational training on the labor market participation and employment outcomes of middle-aged and older workers and proposes strategic directions for fiscal management to support these initiatives. The research is structured as follows. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss demographic aging and the necessity of vocational training policies, while Chapter 3 analyzes the implications of demographic aging and technological advancements on skill development policies. Chapter 4 explores the relationship between the labor market and population aging, and Chapter 5 reviews the current state and key challenges in the fiscal management of vocational training. Chapter 6 draws insights from case studies on vocational training finance management systems in major countries, and Chapter 7 presents policy recommendations derived from expert Delphi surveys on vocational training finance policies. Finally, Chapter 8 synthesizes the research findings and proposes policy alternatives.