대학서열화와 기업

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 현행 대학서열화의 성격을 실증적으로 규명하고 이를 토대로 합리적 대학서열화를 모색하기 위한 실천적 정책대안을 제시하는 데 있다. 대학교육은 지식을 다루는 고도의 전문성을 요구하는 영역이기 때문에 일반인의 평가가 쉽지 않고, 지식의 속성상 외부효과가 크므로 성과를 측정하는 것도 용이하지 않다. 미국, 일본 등 외국의 사례를 보더라도 소위 명문대학은 길게는 수백 년 동안 명문대학의 명성을 이어가는 것이 보통이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 대학서열화가 비교적 장기간에 걸친 대학 간 경쟁의 결과물이라는 점을 수용하면서 최근 전개되고 있는 대학교육을 둘러싼 대내외 환경변화에 따라 대학서열화에 어떠한 변화가 나타나고 있는지를 살펴본다, 또한 대학교육의 바람직한 방향과 이를 위한 정책대안을 모색하고자 한다.

This study intensively analyzed the problem of ranking colleges, an activity that influences the corporate employment of new employees. Firstly, no remarkable change was found in the ranking of colleges during the period of analysis, and it was found that the differences in educational conditions did not affect the ranking of colleges that much. Secondly, a high correlation was found between general college ranking and college ranking within each major. However, each major showed different characteristics. In the fields of humanities, social sciences, science and engineering, college ranking in the major study area was highly related to general college ranking, while the filed of education exhibited a somewhat low correlation rate, with the correlation between college ranking and major ranking the lowest in the major of medicine. Third, there were considerable differences in wages between provincial and metropolitan area college graduates: The average monthly pay of provincial graduates was 1.7477 million, 11.5% lower than that of the 1.9752 million won paid on average to metropolitan area graduates. On the other hand, provincial graduates exhibited 262.70 points, 13.82% lower than the 304.90-point average found among metropolitan area graduates in terms of AAT score, which may be considered an individual ability index. This suggests that the differences in AAT scores, to a considerable extent, accounts for the difference in wages between provincial and metropolitan college graduates. Fourth, the estimate of hierarchical linear models suggested that 12.2% of wage changes among graduates could be explained by inter-college variations. More specifically, this means that 12.2% and 87.8% of the differences in individual wages were caused by those in colleges and in graduates, respectively. When controlling for other factors, wage discrimination for provincial college graduates was 2.61% in general, 2.21% among males and 3.76% among females. This suggests that, considering the average monthly wage difference of 13.0% between provincial and metropolitan area graduates, differences in wages are explained to a large degree by productivity disparities. ...