대학생 기업 현장실습의 구조와 성과

Abstract

본 연구에서는 전문대와 년제 대학을 포함한 고등교육 단계에서의 현장실습을 중심으로 여기에 참여하는 기업과 학생들에게 과연 어떤 영향이 나타나는지 설문조사와 사례연구를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과 중소기업들에게도 적절한 조치들이 이뤄질 경우 현장실습에 보다 적극적으로 참여할 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 학생들의 경우에도 임금 측면에서는 다소 부정적이지만 취업기간을 단축시키는 데는 확실히 긍정적 효과가 존재함을 발견할 수 있었다. 현장실습에서 기대되는 이러한 효과들이 어떻게 나타나고 있는지 이를 통해 과연 청년층의 노동시장 이행에 긍정적으로 기여하고 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 우리나라 기업들이 어떤 환경적 조건하에서 대학 현장실습을 실시하는지 그리고 그런 현장실습의 경제적 효과가 어떤 것인지를 집중적으로 살펴보게 된다.

Work-based learning for college and university students intends to provide opportunities of utilizing their theoretical knowledges at workplace levels of firms, which are taught by class room education at colleges. That learning aims to enhance the capability of college graduates to adapt to actual workplace environments for firms and help to improve their industrial competitiveness. At the same time, such learning also guarantees higher wages, skills, and employment security for college graduates by choosing appropriate jobs reflecting their occupational preferences and capabilities. This study aims to investigate current practices of work-based learning for college and university students in Korea and also examines their impacts for employment and wage of college graduates. For those research goals, this study particularly deals with the following two issues. First, this study examines actual levels of interests and types of investments of Korean firms in work-based learning for college and university students . On the basis of the review of the literature of that subject in Britain and Germany, this study derived a theoretical framework regarding industry- and firm-specific determinants promoting or discouraging firms' investment for that training. This study also investigates whether such theoretical framework is also relevantly useful to analyze the Korean experience. In both nations, the literature about experiences in both dual apprenticeship training and workplace-based learning for college and university students was reviewed for this purpose. Second, this study also examines the impacts of work-based learning for college and university students on their wages and employment opportunities after they were employed in labor markets through regression analysis. For such research goals, this study relies on two types of data, survey data for 532 firms and 3,400 new employees in those firms and case studies in two firms and one industry (Samsung Electronic Company, Mando Machinery Company, and small- and medium-sized firms in watch industry) owning work-based learning programs for college and university students . A major finding of this study is that only four among five firms did not provide work-based learning programs for college and university students . However, among firms owning those programs, those programs were frequently observed among large-sized firms than in small- and medium-sized ones and in industries utilizing advanced technologies and showing optimistic prospects for growth than in other industries. Such finding was similarly observed in Britain and Germany. Three case studies of firms and industry also confirm that finding. In particular, lack of capabilities of individual firms for providing such program in small- and medium-sized firms was serious. This study also generates a set of useful policy implications. Above all, the government needs to investigate industry- and firm-specific environments encouraging and discouraging work-based learning for college and university students varying across industries and firms. On the basis of those data on current practices of those programs, the government needs to seek to concentrate its supportive policies on small- and medium-sized firms. Such firms feel desperate to recruit capable college graduates but failed to do so due to low popularity among them. Effective work-based learning for college and university students could contribute to modifying such attitude of them as well as to enhancing industrial competitiveness of those firms by retaining capable students. In order to design such policies for small- and medium-sized firms, a set of useful lessons could be derived from both effective dual apprenticeship training and work-based learning for college students in Germany and exemplary cooperation between small- and medium-sized firms and one college in the Korean watch industry. ...