고등교육과 인적자원개발

Abstract

지식기반사회로의 진전과 함께 정보화, 세계화, 고령화, 고등교육의 보편화 현상 등 고등교육을 둘러싼 일련의 사회 변화 추세는 인적자원개발 관점에서 고등교육의 근본적인 변화를 요구하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 21세기 지식기반사회에서 필요한 우수 인적자원개발을 위한 고등교육체제의 모습을 그리고, 이의 실현을 위한 정책과제를 도출·제시하였다. 또한 고등교육 단계 인적자원개발 정책 환경 변화, 인적자원개발 관점에서 본 우리나라 고등교육 의 문제 및 쟁점 이슈, 세계 주요국 및 유럽연합의 고등교육 개혁 동향, 그리고 고등교육 학제의 유연화 및 연계성 확보 관점 등을 분석ㆍ논의하고 이러한 분석 결과, 고등교육기관 유형 및 기능의 전문적 분화, 고등교육기관 학과ㆍ프로그램 개편 및 산학협력 강화, 고등교육기관 학사관리 방식 및 거버넌스 구조 개선, 고등교육의 지역화, 고등 교육의 국제화, 고등교육의 질 평가ㆍ관리체제의 구축ㆍ운영, 그리고 고등교육단계 인적자원개발 행ㆍ재정 지원 강화 등의 방안을 제시하였다. ○ 주요내용 - 고등교육단계 인적자원개발 정책 환경 변화 - 인적자원개발 관점에서 본 우리나라 고등교육의 문제 - 고등교육단계 인적자원개발의 의의와 분야별 쟁점 - 고등교육개혁 외국 사례 - 지식기반사회 인적자원개발을 위한 고등교육 발전 방안

Social changes like globalization, aging, social polarization, and massification of higher education, along with the progress to the knowledge-based society, demand fundamental reform in higher education from the viewpoint of human resources development. Higher education in Korea, which has problems of one-type simple development model, lack of adults lifelong learning, and low quality education, however, has not responded properly to these changes. This study was attempted to identify new roles and functions of Korean higher education for the human resources development in the 21st century knowledge-based society and to suggest policy tasks for realizing them. 1. Social Changes around Higher Education Higher education has played a very crucial role in the process of social and economic development and will continue to do. While the main strategy for economic growth in the past was quantity-based input-oriented, it becomes now knowledge-based. Therefore, higher education is expected to have greater effect on changes in economy and society and consequently to lead them. As the human resources development in higher education has become more crucial, higher education institutions need to develop and provide various kinds of education services in its depth and scope from academic education at graduate school to technical training at 2-year college. These changes point out several implications. First, the importance of higher education as a growth engine of national economy is expected to be more emphasized as the knowledge-based economy develops rapidly and consequently industrial structure changes. Since new knowledge and skills, which are the bases of individual, organizational and national competitiveness, are created and disseminated through higher education institutions, demands for education and R&D in higher education institutions will continue to be increased very rapidly. The functions and roles of various kinds of higher education institutions will be redefined and new educational programs will be designed to respond to different manpower demands of changed industrial structure. Second, development of information and communication technology(ICT) will induce fundamental changes in education and R&D system of higher education institutions. Thanks to internet on-line services, it will become more popular to take courses in other colleges and universities, while traditional face-to-face learning-teaching activities will be reduced. Third, changes in economy, society and labor market demand globalization of higher education. Rapid development of ICT and transportation made it possible to expand international exchanges of students and faculty members and to develop joint programs on education and R&D among interested countries. As the higher education market becomes globalized, the common higher education system, which can be applied to several countries, is needed. Fourth, sharp shrink in age cohort of 18-year olds and rapid increase in older people also require quick response of higher education institutions. Decrease in age cohort of 18-year olds will exacerbate the problem of enrollment shortage. Higher education institutions should make restructuring efforts to put scarce resources to areas which needs more manpower. Also they need to develop and provide programs of re-education & training for adult workers and to make the results of re-education & training officially recognized in labor market and society. Fifth, massification of higher education requires higher education institutions to provide various kinds of education programs both quantitatively and qualitatively. ...