청년층 인적자원개발 : 거시적 전망과 인적자본투자

Abstract

본 연구는 거시적인 시각에서 청년층 노동시장 이행뿐만 아니라 미시적 시각에서 인적자원개발의 당위성 및 필요성도 함께 고려하여 문제의 근원을 추적함으로써 청년층 노동시장의 이행과 인적자원개발이 상호 관련되는 새로운 정책대안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 설정하는 이유는 노동시장에서 나타나는 청년층의 문제도 중요하지만 미래에 나타날 것으로 전망되는 청년층의 문제와 역할도 매우 중요하기 때문이다. 또한 그동안 기존 연구에서는 청년층 문제를 노동시장에서 나타나는 문제들로 분석하고 그 대안을 제시하는 것이었으나 이 정도로는 청년층이 가지고 있는 인적자원의 양성·배분·활용에 있어서 등장하는 문제의 본질을 해결할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 현상적인 문제뿐만 아니라 현상적인 문제의 배경이 되는 요소들도 포섭할 수 있는 논의를 전개한다.

This study analyzes problem that arise related to individual's choice regarding youth human resource and to provide corresponding government policy. The results are summarized below. First, youth productivity promotion is one of the core in maintaining or strengthening nation's competitive power. Second, exchange mechanism shall be operated as a vehicle to solve fundamental problem of efficiency and equality of higher education. Third, human capital investment for the young generation has been identified to be very weak in the labor market. Fourth, government policy for youth in the higher education level is very important and the scale of education investment financial resource and support method has been identified to be important. Fifth, government policy that is the core in human capital investment in the labor market is very weak. Practically, if there is an allurement for human capital investment, than many problem deriving can be solved. Main policy direction considering these has been listed below. First is to promote efficiency and equality of higher education. To achieve this ① expand education loan and scholarship for balancing off public and private education liability, ② convert government budget structure per individual or team applicants, ③ expand autonomy for the institution by moderating regulation for higher education institutes, ④ promote expertise in universities by improving higher education control system, and ⑤ establish system for higher education investment of government ministries and offices. Second is to expand youth human capital investment opportunity in the labor market. To achieve this ① prepare participation system for training based on life income of employee, ② promote training investment of the company, and ③ reorganize job training infrastructure. The most important allurement device in the human capital investment is to modify policy failure or market failure in the human resource development and establish exchange mechanism. Policy counter measure can be proposed as below. First, it is important to establish a system that can standardize the knowledge that can be traded in the market. Second, income-conditional financing shall run parallel with other higher education financing. Third, it is important to establish information infrastructure for human capital investment. Fourth, government financing management system for higher shall be operated effectively. Fifth, higher education allurement which government can indirectly participate is necessary. Sixth, subsidy provision for individual or team shall be reviewed so as to promote high tech efficiency. Seventh, human capital investment shall be closely linked with education welfare system.