한국인의 직업의식 및 직업윤리 실태(2008) : 기업구성원의 직업의식과 직업윤리

Abstract

글로벌 지식경제 시대에 한국인의 직업의식이 어떤 위치에 있고 어떤 특징을 갖는지 파악하는 것은 학문적으로나 정책적으로 중요하다. 이 연구는 한국, 일본, 미국, 독일 4개국 국제비교조사를 통해 현 시기 한국인의 직업윤리를 국제적 맥락에서 비교분석한 것이다. 이 연구에서는 한국, 일본, 미국, 독일의 18~64세 성인 취업자를 모집단으로 하여, 각국별로 1,200명씩 총 4,800명의 표본을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 표집 및 조사는 인터넷 액세스 패널 서베이(Access Panel Survey)방식에 따라 이루어졌으며, 직업가치관과 직업위세 등 직업의식 및 직업윤리 전반을 조사하였다. 한국인의 일과 삶의 만족도, 조직 및 직무몰입은 미국이나 독일에 비해 낮지만 일본보다는 다소 높았다. 삶에서 일이 차지하는 중요도는 매우 높았지만, 일에 대한 자부심은 낮아 후진적 양상을 보였다. 일본인들의 조직 및 직무몰입이 높다는 통설은 지지되지 않았다. 직업위세 평가에서 한국은 상대적으로 민간부문의 가치 창출형 직업들에 대한 평가가 낮았으며, 직업위세 격차가 두드러지게 컸다. ○ 주요내용 - 삶과 일 만족도의 국제비교 - 지식정보사회 직업가치관의 국제비교 - 조직몰입, 직업몰입 및 직장에서의 신뢰 - 직업위세에 대한 인식 - 직업윤리에 대한 인식 - 직업자격과 직업의식

The Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training carries out surveys on work values and work ethics of Koreans periodically. 2008 surveys were conducted for employers and workers of firms and professional groups. The objective of the study is to measure work ethics of workers and business ethics of Korean companies. A survey of 247 managers and 6,053 workers from 263 companies was conducted from 9 June to 22 August, 2008. The survey items included work values, work ethics, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviors, person-job fit, job performance, ethical climate, corporate social responsibility. The results of the survey are as follows. First, In order to examine the change of work values of Korean workers, common(comparable) items on work value from 1998 & 2002 surveys were included in the questionnaire of 2008 survey. The result show that while work values of Korean workers had been increasing, leisure values had been decreasing in the last ten years(1998～2008). Second, The levels of work ethics of employers and workers were examined. Employers and workers evaluated work ethnics of their groups in 5 scale. Results present that the level of work ethics among employer group was 3.83 point while the level of work ethics of employees recorded 3.59 point. Third, the influence of work ethics of workers on corporate competence such as person-job fit, organizational citizenship behaviors, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job performance was examined. Survey result show that work ethics of workers has close relationships with corporate competence. Forth, the influence of ethical leadership of employers on perceptions of workers on corporate social responsibility was examined. The result demonstrate that the ethical leadership of employers influences to the legal responsibility and ethical responsibility of corporate social responsibility. Fifth, the relationship between ethical work climate and corporate performance was examined. The result show that law- and ethic-centered work climate and community centered climate forecast the current term net profit of a firm significantly. The community-centered work climate has positive influence on job performance, job satisfaction and organizational commitment.