고등교육산업 경쟁력 제고 방안 연구

Abstract

이 연구는 고등교육을 산업 차원에서 육성할 필요성을 제기한 선행연구들의(김승보 외, 2007; 류지성, 2006) 문제의식에 더하여, 첫째 고등교육산업 현황을 밝히고, 둘째 고등교육 산업경쟁력 구성요소를 국제비교 분석하고, 셋째 고등교육을 산업으로 접근한 외국 사례를 분석하고자 한다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 고등교육의 산업경쟁력을 제고하기 위한 정책방안을 제시하고자 한다.

In a knowledge based society, the competitiveness of higher education, which serves core roles such as knowledge creation and human resource development, is directly related to the national competitive power. Hereupon the members of OECD are promoting carious policies to reinforce higher education. Among these policies, a tendency, which approaches higher education as a growth industry in a knowledge based society, is increasing. An industrial approach to higher education is expressed as conflict between public interest and profit seeking. One may, however, find a solution to the controversy by focusing on strengthening the quality of higher education, which should be encouraged by creating growth in the industry. South Korea’s higher education industry suffers from factors such as lack of strategy in specializing universities, high cost and low efficiency structure, absence of valid competition, and weakening in autonomy of universities, which is caused by regulations. Also, the gravity of higher education in national economy and labor productivity fails to satisfy the standards of developed countries. In order to evaluate South Korea’s industrial competitiveness of higher education, four components, which are the scale of higher education industry, the weight in national economical, international revenue and expenditure, and research in higher education as well as educational competitiveness, were determined to be incorporated in analyzing panel data of 30 nations in OECD. In result, number of higher education institutions, number of students, and education expenditure were seen at its peak in the aspect of South Korea’s population and the scale of its economy, whereas the weight in national economy, international revenue and expenditure, and research and educational competitiveness appeared at its low. Australia and UAE recognize higher education as growth power industry, which is responsible for nation’s future, and are preparing and promoting strategies and plans in long term to foster higher education. Especially, the standard of quality in higher education, whose role is to ensure international reputation and its competitiveness, is cared with serious consideration. ...