日本의 청년층 노동시장 정책연구

Abstract

최근 노동시장에서 쟁점화 되고 있는 주요 이슈 중 하나는 청년층 실업문제이다. 일본도 1992년부터 지속된 장기불황 여파로 청년실업문제가 심화되고 있다. 즉, 경기회복에도 불구하고 프리터(Freeter), 니트(NEET) 등과 같은 청년실업 계층의 비중이 증대되면서 높은 실업률이 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 우리나라도 좋은 일자리 창출의 부족으로 높은 청년층 실업률이 노동시장정책의 중요한 과제로 대두되고 있다. 또한 청년실업 문제는 장기적으로 청년층 근로자의 숙련형성 문제, 사회적 비용의 증대 등을 야기하므로 청년층 노동시장정책이 무엇보다도 중요하다고 말할 수 있다. 본 연구는 저출산 고령화 시대에 청년층 노동력의 숙련형성을 위한 사회적 비용을 최소화 하고, 고령화, 청년층 실업문제를 선험했던 일본의 청년층 고용·실업정책, 인적자원개발, 커리어형성 지원 등의 노동시장정책을 분석하여, IMF경제위기 이후 고실업 상태를 유지하는 우리나라 청년층의 노동시장정책에 대한 시사점을 모색하고자 한다. ○ 주요내용 - 청년층 노동시장의 환경변화 - 일본의 청년층 노동시장구조 - 청년층 노동시장의 국제비교(일본, 한국, 미국, 호주) - 일본의 청년층 노동시장정책

One of the main issue that is recently being debated in the Japanese labor market is the youth unemployment problem. The problem of lack of jobs for the young in Japanese labor market is deepened since the long depression of 1992. That is, It is to maintain the high unemployment rate, being increased the ratio of the youth unemployment such as Freeter, NEET in spite of the business recovery. The youth unemployment rate of Japan is continuously being increased and even higher than the overall unemployment rate. That is, compared with the unemployment rate for 15∼19 years old, 20∼24 years old and 25∼29 years old of 2004 and 2006, it had decreased, but it is still far higher than the total unemployment rate of 4.1%. Moreover, The scale of Freeter in which employment is unstable was reduced from 1.87 million peoples in 2004 to 2.14 million peoples in 2006. But there is in the trend that Freeter ratio of the youth population is continuously being increased. the NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) population (in 2000, the standards) was reduced from 640 thousand peoples in 2002 to 620 thousand peoples in 2006. But the reduction trend is being stagnated due to the enlargement of income gap and the surge of the poor. Accordingly, In the Japanese labor market, the youth unemployment problem becomes the national pending problem in which it is very important to make the stable productivity growth and the productive supply of labor for uplifting the international competitiveness Another problem of the Japanese youth labor market is the high employment separation rate of the youth. The high employment separation rate of the youth is being increased around the under- educated. And the regular job is continuously being reduced, while the ratio of temporary job has increased from 20.8% in 1997 to 31.8% in 2007. An company enlarges the employment of the newly graduated but they prefer the employment of the temporary position to the regular job. The Japanese Government has done an active counterplan by communally formulating plan to create independent jobs of the youth with Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and Cabinet Office in June 2003. The main contents of plan to create independent jobs of the youth are below the following. 1) Invitation of Dual system : takes effect field training of 3 day and theory education of 2 days 2) Incentive enlargement : does the subsidy support of the participating company 3) The enlargement of the carrier consultant : specializes the job consultation of the youth 4) Enlargement of the Job-supporter system : provides 1:1 employment service 5) provides information of each region 6) Institution of the one-stop service center (Job cafe) : provides a series of service such as the job consultation and placement The Japanese Government has propelled these policies to improve the present condition of the unstable youth job market and promote the regular job employment of the youth Therefore, this research minimizes the social cost for the skill formation of the youth labor in the falling birthrate and the aging of society. It examines the present condition of the Japanese youth labor market where it experienced the issue of aging society and the youth unemployment problem in advance. It tries to deduce the implied meaning about the Korea labor market policy in which it maintains the high unemployment rate state after the IMF crisis of 1997 by analyzing the labor market policy including the unemployment policy for the youth employment enlargement of the Japanese, the policy for human resource development policy, the support of carrier formation. ...