북한이탈주민 중 북한자격 인정자의 직업경로 실태 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 북한이탈주민 중 북한 자격인정자의 직업경로 실태를 조사·분석하여 자격 지원제도 등의 개선에 반영하고, 북한이탈주민의 경력개발을 위한 직업훈련 등 각종 교육훈련지원의 기초 자료를 확보하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과 북한자격을 취득한 북한이탈주민이 남한에 와서 직업을 탐색하고, 새로운 직업 능력을 획득하며, 취업하는 과정의 모델을 구성하고, 탈북자 직업경로에서의 특징과 문제점을 도출하였다. 특히 본 연구는 직업경로 과정의 특징을 '성취목표 달성을 향한 자기 주도적 진로 찾아가기'로 정의하여 북한이탈주민이 경제적 안정과 사회적 통합 차원에서 자신에 대한 신뢰에 기초하여 학습을 통하여 진로 장벽을 극복할 수 있는 방향을 제시하였다. 이를 위해서 자격인정 및 직업경로 활용의 기본방향을 설정하고, 자격인정을 통한 직업경로 활용을 위한 지원과 자기 주도적 진로 찾기 지원, 직업경로 과정에서 단계별 지원이 필요하다. 나아가 자격인정과 관련하여 자격분야의 인턴제 확대, 보수교육을 통한 자격인정 및 수준 제고 지원, 개인별 상담제도 및 맞춤형 지원, 남한에서 관련 자격을 취득할 수 있도록 학비를 지원 등 정책적 노력이 필요하다. ○ 주요내용 - 주요 연구의 이론적 배경 - 남북한 자격제도와 독일 사례 및 관련 지원제도 - 북한자격인정 신청자의 직업경로실태 조사 분석 - 자격인정 및 직업경로 개선 지원방안

□ Necessity and Objective of This Research Recently, the number of North Korean defectors exceeds 20,000, and it is expected that the figure will grow. It is said that job security is the most important factor for them to securely settle in South Korea. So, the South Korean government and social groups support them in various ways and offer vocational training programs. Through these official and civil efforts, they can get a job and enjoy their economic stability. In addition, they can naturally settle in South Korea in terms of social integration. In this situation, it is expected that the qualifications got by North Korean defectors in North Korea will have a significant impact on their employment and career path depending on whether the South Korean government recognize their qualifications and how the defectors use them. In addition, reasonable recognition of the qualifications reduces social costs by decreasing unnecessary retraining. Furthermore, the North Korean defectors can have high possibility to land a job in the fields related with their qualifications earlier in the labor market, resulting in stable settlement in the South. In other side, the recognition of the qualifications received in the North leads their career development through in-depth training in the South by analyzing the North''''s qualification systems and helps to take political measures on developing and using human resources of the defectors. The objective of this study is to search and analyze the career path status of the people whose qualifications are recognized in the South among North Korean defectors to apply the research result to improve qualification support system, and to secure basic materials on supporting various education/training systems such as vocational training for their career development. □ Main Points of This Research In this paper, first, it takes a look at the current status and conditions of North Korean defectors and discusses theoretical background such as career path. Second, it discusses the qualification systems of the two Koreas, German cases, and South Korea''''s support systems. In particular, the information on the North''''s qualification systems is reviewed by interviewing and conducting surveys to North Korean defectors, and identified by holding seminars. Third, it researches and analyzes the career path status and conditions of the applicants who want their qualifications to be recognized. The main method of research and analysis is narrative inquiry, focusing on their adaptation process to their job, their conflicts faced in the South''''s labor market, and their solution process, to conduct a qualitative research on the career experience of the people whose qualifications are recognized. Fourth, the cases of the career path of the people among North Korean defectors are heard from with them and organized. Based on it, their career path is discussed. The analysis is divided into before qualification recognition, qualification recognition and adaptation process, and hope and prospect for the future. Fifth, the career path process is analyzed. In particular, the features of their career experiences are analyzed, and the self-initiated career searching models for achieving their goals are developed. The models are classified into several statuses such as individual, all defectors, society, and future. Sixth, the career path of the people whose qualifications are recognized is compared and analyzed. For surveys, quantitative research is carried out with narrative inquiry. The reason is to analyze their career path process through in-depth face-to-face talk. Finally, the main features of this research and the analysis results are summarized, and the problems and assignment are identified to seek the direction to improve the recognition system for North Korean defectors' qualifications. ...