고등학생의 진로결정 여부에 미치는 요인탐색

Abstract

본 종단연구에서는 한국교육고용 패널(Korean Education Employment Panel : KEEP) 2,3, 및 4차 자료를 이용하여 국내 고등학생들의 진로결정패턴과 학교계열(일반계고, 전문계고)에 따라 학생들의 진로 결정 패턴이 어떠한가를 살펴보았다. 시간에 따라 변화하는 개인 및 환경변인(적성인지, 근로경험, 보호자와의 대화시간, 독서량, 가정진로교육, 성적, 희망교육목표, 징계여부, 가정 월수입)을 1수준에 그리고 제2수준에는 성별, 학교계열(전문계고, 인문계고)을 사용하여 2단계 위계적 비선형 모형(hierarchical generalized linear model)을 만들었다. 전체 고등학생을 사용한 모형에서는 적성인지, 가정의 진로교육, 학력목표가 청소년의 진로선택과 유의하게 관련이 있었다. 여학생이 남학생에 비하여 평균 진로결정을 할 가능성이 높았으나, 시간에 다른 변화율은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 학교계열에 상관없이 학생들이 자신의 적성을 인지하는 것은 높은 진로결정 가능성과 관련이 있었다. 일반계 고등학생의 경우, 가정에서의 진로교육경험이 진로결정에 유의하게 관련이 있었고, 고졸학력 목표를 가진 경우는 대학졸업학력목표를 가진 경우보다 더 진로결정을 할 확률이 높았다. 그러나 다른 모형과는 달리 전문계고에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 진로를 결정할 확률이 높았고, 다른 변인을 통제한 후에도, 여학생은 시간의 흐름에 따라 진로를 결정할 확률이 높았다.

This longitudinal study explored how the log-odds likelihood of Korean high school students' career decision making was associated with gender, school types and changing personal and home environmental characteristics over three years using the Korean Education and Employment Panel Study (KEEPS: Cohorts of middle school 3rd-graders). Using two-level nonlinear growth models (or Hierarchical generalized linear models) in which students' changing knowledge of their aptitude, work experience, time spent for communicating with parents, amount of reading, home career education, academic achievement level, educational aspirations(goals), experience of being punished, and home economic conditions at level one, and gender and school type at level two, this study assessed the patterns of the log-odds likelihood of making career decisions. A model using the whole high school student samples, variables such as knowing one's aptitude, home career education, educational aspirations were statistically significantly associated with the log odds of making career decisions. Female students were more likely to make a decision about their career, but no gender difference was found in the growth rate. School type was not associated with the log odds of the decision making. However, irrespective of school types, awaring student's own aptitude was highly associated with log odds of career decision making. In a model using general high school student samples, students home career education was statistically and practically significantly associated with the log odds of career decision making. In addition, students with high school graduation goals were more likely to make career decisions. However, a model using vocational high school student samples only, females were more likely to make decisions about their careers. Even after controlling for the effects of the other changing home and personal/psychological characteristics, females were more likely to make decisions about their careers.