일의 미래와 직업능력정책 국제비교 연구

Abstract

...본 연구는 디지털 전환과 탈탄소화, 팬데믹 이후 글로벌 가치사슬의 지리적 재편(de-globalization/glocalization)으로 일의 세계와 노동시장이 큰 변화에 직면(Ritzer, 2003; Smith, 2007; OECD, 2017)하고 있다는 점에 주목한다. 관련하여 직업능력정책 관련 주요 이슈에 대한 논의와 연구가 다수 이루어져 왔으나 우리나라와 주요 국가의 숙련형성체제, 교육훈련제도, 노동시장과 복지제도와의 관계 속에서 직업능력정책에 대한 심층 분석과 연구는 미진한 편이다. 최근 직업능력정책 분야의 국제 연구도 직업능력개발 사업 하위 분야의 주요 현안에 대한 동향 파악과 벤치마킹의 목적으로 진행되어 성과를 거둔 경우가 많았다. 본 연구에서는 디지털 전환과 탄소중립, 글로벌-지역 단위의 가치사슬 재편 등 메가트렌드에 대응한 주요 국가의 정책 대응을 파악하여 향후 우리나라 직업능력정책의 비전과 목표 설정에 참고할 수 있도록 하였다.

Digital transition and green transition, characterized by decarbonized capitalism, have a profound impact on the world of work. The rapid development of information and communication technologies and the rise of artificial intelligence are driving demand for new products and services, creating a major rift in existing employment relationships. Digital transition is reshaping the business models of corporate organizations, and employment and vocational skills policies based on standard employment relationships are facing a crisis. International norms surrounding the climate crisis affect the entire process of production and distribution of goods and services, and various policy responses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been put forward. Beyond affecting the coal industry or the green sector, it is expected to bring about major changes in corporate organizations and global value chains. This study examines how major countries are responding to the structural changes represented by digital transition and decarbonization in the field of skills policy. It examines the trends and influencing factors of continuing vocational training in major EU countries, as well as changes in the financing and governance of vocational training. Future challenges for skills policy were also explored by examining the European Commission's Green Deal and national green transition debates. Regarding the reform of skills policies, we focused on the case of the reform of the Individual Training Account. In particular, we sought to find directions for the reorganization of skills policies through the case of French citizen activity account, which recognizes the right of citizens to participate in education and training and redefines vocational training as a universal basic service.