기계산업의 자격연구

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 외부환경의 빠른 변화에 대응하여 자격이 유연하게 대처하도록 현재의 기계분야 자격종목을 진단하고 현장성이 떨어지는 부분 혹은 숙련불일치(skill mismatching)를 개선하도록 인프라를 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위한 구체적인 하위 목적은 다음 두 가지이다. 첫째, 기계분야 sector study(기술동향, 직업변동 등)와 질적인 숙련수요 인식을 위한 현장연구를 바탕으로 현재 변화하고 있는 새로운 숙련요건을 파악할 수 있는 절차 및 방법을 체계화시키는 것이다. 이러한 숙련수요 분석결과는 자격제도뿐만 아니라 교육훈련제도에도 중요한 인프라가 될 것이다. 둘째, 이러한 절차에 근거해서 기계분야의 새로운 숙련수요를 파악하여 현재 새롭게 출현하는 직무와 직업이 무엇인지, 나아가 가까운 미래에 출현하는 직업과 직무가 무엇인지 파악하여, 이 결과를 자격으로 연계함으로써 산업과 노동시장의 요구에 부합하는 자격제도를 시행할 수 있는 여건을 마련하고자 한다. 따라서 새롭게 발견된 직무·직업을 근거로 신설이 검토되는 자격종목을 추출하는 한편, 기존의 자격검정 출제기준을 분석하여 통폐합이 검토되는 자격종목을 제시하고자 한다. 종합적인 기계분야 자격제도 개선을 위해서 거시적 연구(인력수급전망과 자격수급 분석 등)도 함께 수행되었다. 즉 이 연구의 주 목적은 방법론을 만드는 것이며, 이 방법을 기계산업에 적용한 결과 부가적으로 신설 및 통폐합이 검토되는 자격종목을 추출하는 것이다.

A fast technological change has also caused the change in the work world, creating new occupations and developing a exiting job. As a result, the skill requirement that companies demand for labor force has also been changing quickly. Therefore, all the labor forces, whether they are new job seekers or existing employees, should obtain the skill requirement in order to maintain and strengthen the competitiveness in the level of individuals, companies and countries. However, a serious skill mismatch has been coming about in Korean labor market because the Korean educational and qualification markets have lacked the infrastructure to detect the change in the work world. Thus, this research was conducted based on a idea that only when the new skill requirement can be precisely founded and forecasted, the qualification system which is a linkage between educational and labor market can do proper role in Korean labor market. Therefore, this study has focused on finding the new skill requirement by reviewing and applying diverse methodologies. After then, this research has predicted the new future qualification in machine industry based on such methodologies. In addition, this study has extracted not only the new qualifications needed to create, but also the existing obsolete qualifications either required to cancel or to unify among similar qualifications based on the new skill requirement. This study used various research methods. The main methods of this study are as follows. First method is the literature documentary review. It has introduced the advanced research methodologies finding new skill requirement and new trends of technology, occupation and qualification in USA, Japan, Germany which are the leading forces in machine industry. Second method is the analysis of job posting advertisement. This study has analyzed the advertisements in job posting in order to understand the detail skill requirement for workers currently demanded by many companies. Third method is the on-the-spot monitoring and interview. We had visited around ten work places and had conducted the on-the-spot monitoring and interview in order to analyze the change of technology and work. Fourth method is the in-depth survey, where those surveyed are employers and managers working in the leading companies in Korea, who are knowledgeable about changes of technology and skill requirement. The main contents of in-depth survey are changes of job, occupation, and working organization. Fifth method is a statistical analysis foreseeing demand and supply of labor forces and qualifications. Final method is the focus group interview evaluating the quality of qualification's contents. The research on finding new skill requirement would require a vast joint work applying diverse research methods. The individual methods should be conducted by each professional organizations, for example, KEIS(Korea Employment Information Service), KIET(Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade), SHRDC(Sector HRD Council), HRD service of Korea. This study has been in difficulties finding exact new skill requirement because of the reality lacking infrastructure locating new skill requirement. Therefore this research has suggested diverse policies needed to establish the infrastructure which can help grasping new future skill requirement systematically and synthetically. The study has a important new step to find new skill requirement in machine industry, and to suggest not only the new qualifications but also existing obsolete qualifications either unified or cancelled based on the new skill requirement. Therefore, the research methods applied in this study could be re-used in growth industries, such as green industry, IT industry, nano-industry, automobile industry, in order to find and solve the skill mismatch problem in new industries.