지식기반사회의 고급인력 양성을 위한 고등교육 개혁방안

Abstract

본 연구는 대학의 경쟁구조 개혁에 관한 논문 세 편과 대학의 지배구조 개혁에 대한 논문 네 편으로 구성되어 있다. 이들 각각의 논문에서는 주제별로 현황 및 평가를 위한 분석과 함께 가능한 한 외국 및 국내 사례 분석을 시도하고 있으며 개혁의 방향과 원칙을 제시할 뿐만 아니라 구체적으로 개 혁의 실천 방안들을 제시하였다.

The arrival of a knowledge-based economic society is demanding rapid changes in higher education. Countries around the world are realizing the difficulty in disseminating knowledge and education through the restrictions and organizations of a centralized government. Thus, they are introducing a market-oriented approach toward higher education(OECD, 2003). However, a simultaneous examination of governance structures in Korea show that private universities do not adhere to non-distribution constraints, suggesting that emphasizing market principle alone cannot discipline the personal interests of the founder. Consequently, the division between success and failure in higher education reform lies in the appropriate combination between the roles of the government and the market. Within such framework, reforms to restructure competition geared toward maximizing competition among universities while minimizing their side effects and reforms to restructure governance aimed at raising autonomy and accountability in universities should henceforth become the two pillars of higher education reform. This report is divided into seven parts. In part one, we propose four policy recommendations to promote competition in higher education: 1) gradually expanding autonomy toward university establishment and its personnel, 2) spreading university mergers and acquisitions, 3) liberating active externalization, and 4) disclosing information. In part two, we suggest four policy recommendations to reform the financial contribution system in universities: 1) amplifying the scope of finances, 2) constructing an efficient and balanced contribution system, 3) providing a systematic mechanism to improve the financial operating system/adjusting the fiscal period and managing flexible finances, and 4) strengthening the contribution of self-induced efforts. In part three, we have three policy recommendations to strengthen the competitiveness of local universities: 1) leading and supporting voluntary innovation, 2) constructing and managing an innovative and supportive infrastructure for local universities, and 3) strengthening the attraction of outstanding students and distinguished faculty. In part four, we propose four policy recommendations for governance structure reforms in national universities (introducing a juridical national university system): 1) introducing the board of directors system, 2) improving the nomination system of the president, 3) initiating an accounting system, and 4) expanding the autonomy of its organization and personnel. In part five, we present four policy recommendations toward reforming the governance structure of private universities: 1) strengthening accountability, 2) enforcing transparency, 3) promoting liberalization, and 4) strengthening autonomy. ...